Evolution of HRM
(https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-evolution-of-human-resource-management-Adapted-from-Itika-2011_fig1_331810927) Human Resource Management (HRM) has come a long way since its inception as a personnel management function in the early 20th century. The evolution of HRM has been influenced by changes in the workplace, advances in technology, and shifts in social, economic, and political contexts. Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (2014) provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of HRM and how it has evolved into the modern HR practices that we see today. The early years of HRM can be traced back to the scientific management movement, which emphasized the need for a systematic approach to managing employees. This approach focused on maximizing efficiency through job analysis, time-motion studies, and standardization of work processes. The role of personnel managers during this time was primarily administrative, focused on hiring, training, and